DNA REPLICATION MS-LS3-1
WALT/L.O. 3
I can describe the structure of DNA.
WILF/SC for WALT 3
I will be able to describe the structure of the DNA molecule.
I will be able to explain the rules of base pairing.
I will understand that information is stored within the DNA molecule in the form of a sequence of chemical bases, each referred to by the first letter of its name (A, T, C and G).
I can describe the structure of DNA.
WILF/SC for WALT 3
I will be able to describe the structure of the DNA molecule.
I will be able to explain the rules of base pairing.
I will understand that information is stored within the DNA molecule in the form of a sequence of chemical bases, each referred to by the first letter of its name (A, T, C and G).
What is DNA?
•The genetic material in cells is contained in a molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.
•Scientists describe DNA as containing a code. A code is a set of rules and symbols used to carry information.
•To understand how DNA functions, you first need to learn about the structure of the DNA molecule.
•The structure of DNA is a twisted ladder shape called a double helix.
•The two sides of the ladder are made of sugars and phosphate groups.
•The rungs of the ladder are made of pairs of bases.
•Scientists describe DNA as containing a code. A code is a set of rules and symbols used to carry information.
•To understand how DNA functions, you first need to learn about the structure of the DNA molecule.
•The structure of DNA is a twisted ladder shape called a double helix.
•The two sides of the ladder are made of sugars and phosphate groups.
•The rungs of the ladder are made of pairs of bases.
What does DNA look like?
•A base, a sugar, and a phosphate group make a building block of DNA called a nucleotide.
•There are four different nucleotides in DNA.
•A base, a sugar, and a phosphate group make a building block of DNA called a nucleotide.
•There are four different nucleotides in DNA.
•The bases in nucleotides are paired, or complementary.
•Adenine always pairs with thymine (A-T).
•Cytosine always pairs with guanine (C-G).
•The order of the nucleotides in DNA is a code that carries information.
•Genes are segments of DNA that relate to a certain trait.
•The code in the nucleotide order has information about which proteins the cells should build.
•The types of proteins that your body makes help determine your traits.
•Adenine always pairs with thymine (A-T).
•Cytosine always pairs with guanine (C-G).
•The order of the nucleotides in DNA is a code that carries information.
•Genes are segments of DNA that relate to a certain trait.
•The code in the nucleotide order has information about which proteins the cells should build.
•The types of proteins that your body makes help determine your traits.
Replication
•The cell makes copies of DNA molecules through a process known as replication.
•During replication, the two strands of DNA separate.
•The bases on each side of the molecule are used as a pattern for a new strand.
•As bases on the original molecule are exposed, complementary nucleotides are added.
•When replication is complete, there are two identical DNA molecules.
•During replication, the two strands of DNA separate.
•The bases on each side of the molecule are used as a pattern for a new strand.
•As bases on the original molecule are exposed, complementary nucleotides are added.
•When replication is complete, there are two identical DNA molecules.
When are copies of DNA made?
•Before a cell divides, it copies its DNA.
•Our cells can replicate DNA in just a few hours, because replication begins in many places along a DNA strand.
•Many groups of proteins are working to replicate your DNA at the same time.
•Our cells can replicate DNA in just a few hours, because replication begins in many places along a DNA strand.
•Many groups of proteins are working to replicate your DNA at the same time.
Have Your DNA
Build an edible model of DNA while learning basic DNA structure and the rules of base pairing.
Activity Instructions
Work in groups to follow the instructions in the learner handout and build your very own edible model of the DNA molecule.
Discussion Points:
DNA provides the instructions for building and operating all living things.
The DNA instructions are divided into segments called genes.
Each gene provides the information for making a protein, which carries out a specific function in the cell.
A molecule of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is composed of two backbones and four types of chemical bases.
The backbone is formed by a chain of alternating phosphates and sugars.
Each sugar molecule in the backbone provides an attachment site for one of the chemical bases.
The four types of chemical bases are: adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine. They usually are represented by their first letters: A, T, C and G.
The bases form pairs in a very specific way: A always pairs with T, and C always pairs with G.
A pair of bases is connected by hydrogen bonds.
Each base in the pair is also connected to a sugar compound in the DNA backbone.
A DNA molecule is often compared to a ladder, with the two backbones forming the sides of the ladder and the base pairs forming the steps, or rungs.
However, instead of a straight ladder, DNA looks like a twisted ladder, known as a double helix (“double” for the two backbones).
The DNA sequence is the consecutive order of bases on one side, or strand, of the twisted ladder.
The other strand has a complementary sequence determined by the base pairing rules.
The specific matching of the base pairs, A with T and C with G, provides a way for exact copies of DNA to be made. This process is called DNA replication.
In DNA replication, the double helix ladder is untwisted, and the two strands are separated by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs.
Next, two new strands are made by reading each side of the DNA ladder, one step (base) at a time.
At each step, the matching base fills in (with its associated sugar and phosphate) to complete the rung and lengthen the new DNA strand.
When the process is complete, there are two identical DNA double helices, each containing one original and one new strand.
DNA replication is an important part of the cell division process.
Before a cell divides, it first duplicates its DNA so that the new cell will have the same genetic information.
The specific base pair matching during replication ensures that exact DNA copies are made.
Build an edible model of DNA while learning basic DNA structure and the rules of base pairing.
Activity Instructions
Work in groups to follow the instructions in the learner handout and build your very own edible model of the DNA molecule.
Discussion Points:
DNA provides the instructions for building and operating all living things.
The DNA instructions are divided into segments called genes.
Each gene provides the information for making a protein, which carries out a specific function in the cell.
A molecule of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is composed of two backbones and four types of chemical bases.
The backbone is formed by a chain of alternating phosphates and sugars.
Each sugar molecule in the backbone provides an attachment site for one of the chemical bases.
The four types of chemical bases are: adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine. They usually are represented by their first letters: A, T, C and G.
The bases form pairs in a very specific way: A always pairs with T, and C always pairs with G.
A pair of bases is connected by hydrogen bonds.
Each base in the pair is also connected to a sugar compound in the DNA backbone.
A DNA molecule is often compared to a ladder, with the two backbones forming the sides of the ladder and the base pairs forming the steps, or rungs.
However, instead of a straight ladder, DNA looks like a twisted ladder, known as a double helix (“double” for the two backbones).
The DNA sequence is the consecutive order of bases on one side, or strand, of the twisted ladder.
The other strand has a complementary sequence determined by the base pairing rules.
The specific matching of the base pairs, A with T and C with G, provides a way for exact copies of DNA to be made. This process is called DNA replication.
In DNA replication, the double helix ladder is untwisted, and the two strands are separated by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs.
Next, two new strands are made by reading each side of the DNA ladder, one step (base) at a time.
At each step, the matching base fills in (with its associated sugar and phosphate) to complete the rung and lengthen the new DNA strand.
When the process is complete, there are two identical DNA double helices, each containing one original and one new strand.
DNA replication is an important part of the cell division process.
Before a cell divides, it first duplicates its DNA so that the new cell will have the same genetic information.
The specific base pair matching during replication ensures that exact DNA copies are made.
Extension
• Search for a completed map of the human genome (e.g., the Human Genome Landmarks Poster or its web companion) and discuss how researchers have mapped the 22,000 plus genes to particular locations on the 23 pairs of human chromosomes.
Check out:
http://educationalgames.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/dna_double_helix/readmore.html
Support
http://authoring.concord.org/activities/22/pages/112/958e4797-4fbe-4012-95f9-8c58fc533128
http://educationalgames.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/dna_double_helix/?_ga=2.107861250.1854668491.1581222875-54209609.1581222875
• Search for a completed map of the human genome (e.g., the Human Genome Landmarks Poster or its web companion) and discuss how researchers have mapped the 22,000 plus genes to particular locations on the 23 pairs of human chromosomes.
Check out:
http://educationalgames.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/dna_double_helix/readmore.html
Support
http://authoring.concord.org/activities/22/pages/112/958e4797-4fbe-4012-95f9-8c58fc533128
http://educationalgames.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/dna_double_helix/?_ga=2.107861250.1854668491.1581222875-54209609.1581222875
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