sunday_22_-_wednesday_25.ppt |
week 1 - Natural Selection
WALT
I can explain how variation in traits and mutations will lead to adaptations.
WILF
I will be able to
Describe how species adapt to changing environments.
Explain survival of the fittest.
Use argumentation and evidence to dispel common misconceptions about evolution.
I can explain how variation in traits and mutations will lead to adaptations.
WILF
I will be able to
Describe how species adapt to changing environments.
Explain survival of the fittest.
Use argumentation and evidence to dispel common misconceptions about evolution.
What did Darwin observe?
•Charles Darwin became a naturalist, a scientist who studies nature, during a voyage on the British ship HMS Beagle.
•On his journey, Darwin observed and collected many living and fossil specimens.
•Darwin made his most important observations on the Galápagos Islands of South America.
•Darwin formed the theory of biological evolution using the observations that he had made during an almost five-year journey.
•Evolution is the process by which populations change over time.
•A population is all of the individuals of a species that live together in an area at the same time.
•A species is a group of closely related organisms that can produce fertile offspring.
•Darwin collected birds from the Galápagos Islands and nearby islands.
•The birds on each island were different from the birds on the other islands, and all were different from the birds on the mainland.
•Darwin wondered if the birds had evolved from one species of finch.
•Darwin observed differences in beak size among finches from different islands.
•Many years later, scientists confirmed that these differences related to the birds’ diets.
•Birds with shorter, heavier beaks could eat harder foods than those with thinner beaks could eat.
What are the four parts of natural selection?
•Natural selection is the process by which organisms that inherit advantageous traits tend to reproduce more successfully.
•When a plant or an animal reproduces, it usually makes more offspring than the environment can support.
•Only some of the organisms will successfully reproduce.
•Within a species there are natural differences, or variations, in traits.
•Variations come from differences in genetic material. Genetic variations can be passed on from parent to offspring.
•An important source of variation is a mutation, or change in genetic material.
•As each new generation is produced, new genetic differences may be introduced into a population.
•In this way, genetic variation can increase in a population.
•The more genetic variation, the more likely that some individuals might have traits that will be advantageous if the environment changes.
•Individuals try to get the resources that they need to survive, including food, water, space, and, in most cases, mates for reproduction.
•Darwin reasoned that individuals with a particular trait are more likely to survive long enough to reproduce.
•As a result, the trait is “selected,” becoming more common in the next generation of offspring.
•An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.
•As natural selection repeats from generation to generation, these adaptations become more common, and new adaptations may arise.
•Over time, the population becomes better adapted to the environment.
How do species change over time?
•Adaptations are variations that help a species survive and reproduce.
•At first, adaptations are rare. As more of the species survive and reproduce, the number of individuals with the adaptation will increase.
•Other adaptations are inherited behaviors that help an organism find food, protect itself, or reproduce.
•Parents and offspring often have small differences in genetic material, but over many generations, these differences add up.
•These differences accumulate so that organisms alive now are often very different from their ancestors.
What happens to species as the environment changes?
•All organisms have traits that allow them to survive in specific environments.
•If the environment changes, a species is more likely to survive if it has genetic variation, which results in a variation of traits.
•If no individuals have traits that help them to survive and reproduce in the changed environment, a species will become extinct.
•Extinction occurs when all members of a species have died.
•Greater competition, new predators, and the loss of habitat are examples of environmental changes that can lead to extinction.
•Because a natural disaster can destroy resources quickly, organisms may die no matter what adaptations they have.
•The fossil record shows that many species have become extinct in the history of life on Earth.
•Charles Darwin became a naturalist, a scientist who studies nature, during a voyage on the British ship HMS Beagle.
•On his journey, Darwin observed and collected many living and fossil specimens.
•Darwin made his most important observations on the Galápagos Islands of South America.
•Darwin formed the theory of biological evolution using the observations that he had made during an almost five-year journey.
•Evolution is the process by which populations change over time.
•A population is all of the individuals of a species that live together in an area at the same time.
•A species is a group of closely related organisms that can produce fertile offspring.
•Darwin collected birds from the Galápagos Islands and nearby islands.
•The birds on each island were different from the birds on the other islands, and all were different from the birds on the mainland.
•Darwin wondered if the birds had evolved from one species of finch.
•Darwin observed differences in beak size among finches from different islands.
•Many years later, scientists confirmed that these differences related to the birds’ diets.
•Birds with shorter, heavier beaks could eat harder foods than those with thinner beaks could eat.
What are the four parts of natural selection?
•Natural selection is the process by which organisms that inherit advantageous traits tend to reproduce more successfully.
•When a plant or an animal reproduces, it usually makes more offspring than the environment can support.
•Only some of the organisms will successfully reproduce.
•Within a species there are natural differences, or variations, in traits.
•Variations come from differences in genetic material. Genetic variations can be passed on from parent to offspring.
•An important source of variation is a mutation, or change in genetic material.
•As each new generation is produced, new genetic differences may be introduced into a population.
•In this way, genetic variation can increase in a population.
•The more genetic variation, the more likely that some individuals might have traits that will be advantageous if the environment changes.
•Individuals try to get the resources that they need to survive, including food, water, space, and, in most cases, mates for reproduction.
•Darwin reasoned that individuals with a particular trait are more likely to survive long enough to reproduce.
•As a result, the trait is “selected,” becoming more common in the next generation of offspring.
•An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.
•As natural selection repeats from generation to generation, these adaptations become more common, and new adaptations may arise.
•Over time, the population becomes better adapted to the environment.
How do species change over time?
•Adaptations are variations that help a species survive and reproduce.
•At first, adaptations are rare. As more of the species survive and reproduce, the number of individuals with the adaptation will increase.
•Other adaptations are inherited behaviors that help an organism find food, protect itself, or reproduce.
•Parents and offspring often have small differences in genetic material, but over many generations, these differences add up.
•These differences accumulate so that organisms alive now are often very different from their ancestors.
What happens to species as the environment changes?
•All organisms have traits that allow them to survive in specific environments.
•If the environment changes, a species is more likely to survive if it has genetic variation, which results in a variation of traits.
•If no individuals have traits that help them to survive and reproduce in the changed environment, a species will become extinct.
•Extinction occurs when all members of a species have died.
•Greater competition, new predators, and the loss of habitat are examples of environmental changes that can lead to extinction.
•Because a natural disaster can destroy resources quickly, organisms may die no matter what adaptations they have.
•The fossil record shows that many species have become extinct in the history of life on Earth.
CLASSWORK
The focus of this series of lessons is natural selection, but the concept is presented through the lens of presenting arguments to dispel common misconceptions about natural selection.
Engage and Explore
Begin the lesson by having students record their ideas about:
1. Adaptation
2. Survival of the fittest
3. Evolutionary purpose
Students will be presented with the following three common misconceptions about natural selection in a short video:
1. Evolution is organisms adapting to their environment (an individual does not adapt-a species adapts)
2. Survival of the fittest (it is not the strongest or healthiest that survives, it is the individual who is most "fit" for a specific environment)
3. Evolutionary Purpose (there is no predetermined plan that progresses toward an ideal form)
Watch Myths and Misconceptions Video from Ted-Ed during which students should listen for an explanation of each of these concepts, and define/explain them
https://ed.ted.com/lessons/myths-and-misconceptions-about-evolution-alex-gendler#watch
Explain and Elaborate
PLAN A – for students that have their devices
1. Students use the interactive Links: Natural Selection: White and Brown Mice and Natural Selection: Natural Disasters to explore the idea that camouflage is a key aspect of survival and if the environment changes, the population will change because the camouflage is no longer effective. They record their observations and analysis.
https://www.ck12.org/assessment/tools/geometry-tool/plix.html?eId=SCI.LSC.428.2&questionId=55a59e7b5aa41304c0a64277&artifactID=2189942&backUrl=https%3A//www.ck12.org/life-science/Natural-Selection-in-Life-Science/%23interactive&plix_redirect=1
https://www.ck12.org/assessment/tools/geometry-tool/plix.html?eId=SCI.LSC.428.2&questionId=55b6601dda2cfe5edbe09c61&artifactID=2145092&backUrl=http://www.ck12.org/life-science/Natural-Selection-in-Life-Science/?by=ck12&difficulty=all&plix_redirect=1#interactive
2. Students explore the Readings-Natural Selection. These consist of several different articles explaining the concept of natural selection, at various reading levels that can be used to differentiate instruction.
https://www.ck12.org/search/?q=natural+selection&source=ck12&grade=6&grade=7&grade=8
3. Give the Practice and/or Quiz as a check for understanding
https://www.ck12.org/book/cbse_biology_book_class_xii/section/10.9/
Extension
Use the Real World Applications: Flooded Forest, and/or Making a Dinosaur to reinforce the concepts just presented or use them as extensions at the end of this series.
https://www.ck12.org/biology/natural-selection/rwa/Flooded-Forest/?referrer=concept_details
https://www.ck12.org/biology/natural-selection/rwa/Making-A-Dinosaur/?referrer=concept_details
Evaluate
Online quiz
The focus of this series of lessons is natural selection, but the concept is presented through the lens of presenting arguments to dispel common misconceptions about natural selection.
Engage and Explore
Begin the lesson by having students record their ideas about:
1. Adaptation
2. Survival of the fittest
3. Evolutionary purpose
Students will be presented with the following three common misconceptions about natural selection in a short video:
1. Evolution is organisms adapting to their environment (an individual does not adapt-a species adapts)
2. Survival of the fittest (it is not the strongest or healthiest that survives, it is the individual who is most "fit" for a specific environment)
3. Evolutionary Purpose (there is no predetermined plan that progresses toward an ideal form)
Watch Myths and Misconceptions Video from Ted-Ed during which students should listen for an explanation of each of these concepts, and define/explain them
https://ed.ted.com/lessons/myths-and-misconceptions-about-evolution-alex-gendler#watch
Explain and Elaborate
PLAN A – for students that have their devices
1. Students use the interactive Links: Natural Selection: White and Brown Mice and Natural Selection: Natural Disasters to explore the idea that camouflage is a key aspect of survival and if the environment changes, the population will change because the camouflage is no longer effective. They record their observations and analysis.
https://www.ck12.org/assessment/tools/geometry-tool/plix.html?eId=SCI.LSC.428.2&questionId=55a59e7b5aa41304c0a64277&artifactID=2189942&backUrl=https%3A//www.ck12.org/life-science/Natural-Selection-in-Life-Science/%23interactive&plix_redirect=1
https://www.ck12.org/assessment/tools/geometry-tool/plix.html?eId=SCI.LSC.428.2&questionId=55b6601dda2cfe5edbe09c61&artifactID=2145092&backUrl=http://www.ck12.org/life-science/Natural-Selection-in-Life-Science/?by=ck12&difficulty=all&plix_redirect=1#interactive
2. Students explore the Readings-Natural Selection. These consist of several different articles explaining the concept of natural selection, at various reading levels that can be used to differentiate instruction.
https://www.ck12.org/search/?q=natural+selection&source=ck12&grade=6&grade=7&grade=8
3. Give the Practice and/or Quiz as a check for understanding
https://www.ck12.org/book/cbse_biology_book_class_xii/section/10.9/
Extension
Use the Real World Applications: Flooded Forest, and/or Making a Dinosaur to reinforce the concepts just presented or use them as extensions at the end of this series.
https://www.ck12.org/biology/natural-selection/rwa/Flooded-Forest/?referrer=concept_details
https://www.ck12.org/biology/natural-selection/rwa/Making-A-Dinosaur/?referrer=concept_details
Evaluate
Online quiz